GEOL766: Earth Systems Change

Lecture 06-07: Thursday, September 11 and Tuesday, September 16, 2008: Common redox indicators

Suggested reading list (pick up the ones that you need more explanation):

Sulfur isotopes:
1. Shen, B., Xiao, S., Kaufman, A.J., Bao, H., Zhou, C., and Wang, H., 2008, Stratification and mixing of a post-glacial Neoproterozoic ocean: Evidence from carbon and sulfur isotopes in a cap dolostone from northwest China: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 265, p. 209-228.
2. Fike, D.A., and Grotzinger, J.P., 2008, A paired sulfate-pyrite δ³⁴S approach to understanding the evolution of the Ediacaran-Cambrian sulfur cycle: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, p. 2636-2648.
3. Halverson, G.P., and Hurtgen, M.T., 2007, Ediacaran growth of the marine sulfate reservoir: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 263, p. 32-44.
4. Bottrell, S.H., and Newton, R.J., 2006, Reconstruction of changes in global sulfur cycling from marine sulfate isotopes: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 75, p. 59-83.
5. Johnston, D.T., Wing, B.A., Farquhar, J., Kaufman, A.J., Strauss, H., Lyons, T.W., Kah, L.C., and Canfield, D.E., 2005, Active Microbial Sulfur Disproportionation in the Mesoproterozoic: Science, v. 310, p. 1477-1479.
6. Hurtgen, M.T., Arthur, M.A., and Halverson, G.P., 2005, Neoproterozoic sulfur isotopes, the evolution of microbial sulfur species, and the burial efficiency of sulfide as sedimentary pyrite: Geology, v. 33, p. 41-44.
7. Kah, L.C., Lyons, T.W., and Frank, T.D., 2004, Low marine sulphate and protracted oxygenation of the Proterozoic biosphere: Nature, v. 431, p. 834-838.
8. Shen, Y., Knoll, A.H., and Walter, M.R., 2003, Evidence for low sulphate and anoxia in a mid-Proterozoic marine basin: Nature, v. 423, p. 632-635.

Fe speciation, Fe isotopes and Mo isotopes:
1. Canfield, D.E., Poulton, S.W., Knoll, A.H., Narbonne, G.M., Ross, G., Goldberg, T., and Strauss, H., 2008, Ferruginous Conditions Dominated Later Neoproterozoic Deep-Water Chemistry: Science, v. 321, p. 949-952.
2. Canfield, D.E., Poulton, S.W., and Narbonne, G.M., 2007, Late-Neoproterozoic Deep-Ocean Oxygenation and the Rise of Animal Life: Science, v. 315, p. 92-95.
3. Poulton, S.W., Fralick, P.W., and Canfield, D.E., 2004, The transition to a sulphidic ocean ~1.84 billion years ago: Nature, v. 431, p. 173-177.
4. Poulton, S.W., and Canfield, D.E., 2005, Development of a sequential extraction procedure for iron: implications for iron partitioning in continentally derived particulates: Chemical Geology, v. 202, p. 79-94.
5. Anbar, A.D., 2004, Iron stable isotopes: beyond biosignatures: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 217, p. 223-236.
6. Arnold, G.L., Weyer, S., and Anbar, A.D., 2004, Iron isotope variations in natural materials measured using high mass resolution MC-ICP-MS: Analytical Chemistry, v. 76, p. 322-327.
7. Rouxel, O.J., Bekker, A., and Edwards, K.J., 2005, Iron Isotope Constraints on the Archean and Paleoproterozoic Ocean Redox State: Science, v. 307, p. 1088-1091.
8. Barling, J., Arnold, G.L., and Anbar, A.D., 2001, Natural mass-dependent variations in the isotopic composition of molybdenum: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 193, p. 447-457.
9. Arnold, G.L., Anbar, A.D., Barling, J., and Lyons, T.W., 2004, Molybdenum Isotope Evidence for Widespread Anoxia in Mid-Proterozoic Oceans: Science, v. 304, p. 87-90.
10. Helz, G. R., Miller, C. V., Charnock, J. M., Mosselmans, J. F. W., Pattrick, R. A. D., Garner, C. D. and Vaughan, D. J., 1996, Mechanisms of molybdenum removal from the sea and its concentration in black shales: EXAFS evidence: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 60, p. 3631-3642.

Major and trace elements:
1. Morford, J.L., and Emerson, S., 1999, The geochemistry of redox sensitive trace metals in sediments: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 63, p. 1735-1750.
2. Crusius, J., and Thomson, J., 2000, Comparative behavior of authigenic Re, U, and Mo during reoxidation and subsequent long-term burial in marine sediments: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 64, p. 2233-2242.
3. Wilde, P., Lyons, T.W., and Quinby-Hunt, M.S., 2004, Organic carbon proxies in black shales: molybdenum: Chemical Geology, v. 206, p. 167-176.

REE and Biomarkers:
1. Chen, D.F., Dong, W.Q., Qi, L., Chen, G.Q., and Chen, X.P., 2003, Possible REE constraints on the depositional and diagenetic environment of Doushantuo Formation phosphorites containing the earlies metazoan fauna: Chemical Geology, v. 201, p. 103-108.
2. Nothdurft, L.D., Webb, G.E., and Kamber, B.S., 2004, Rare earth element geochemistry of Late Devonian reefal carbonates, Canning Basin, Western Australia: confirmation of a seawater REE proxy in ancient limestones: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, p. 263-283.
3. Kuypers, M.M.M., Sliekers, A.O., Lavik, G., Schmid, M., Jorgensen, B.B., Kuenen, J.G., Sinninghe Damste, J.S., Strous, M., and Jetten, M.S.M., 2003, Anaerobic ammonium oxidation by anammox bacteria in the Black Sea, v. 422, p. 608-611.
4. Grice, K., Cao, C., Love, G.D., Bottcher, M.E., Twitchett, R.J., Grosjean, E., Summons, R.E., Turgeon, S.C., Dunning, W., and Jin, Y., 2005, Photic Zone Euxinia During the Permian-Triassic Superanoxic Event: Science, v. 307, p. 706-709.
5. Brocks, J.J., Love, G.D., Summons, R.E., Knoll, A.H., Logan, G.A., and Bowden, S.A., 2005, Biomarker evidence for green and purple sulphur bacteria in a stratified Palaeoproterozoic sea: Nature, v. 437, p. 866-870.