Ph.D.  The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 1981. Major: Organizational Behavior. Supporting discipline: Strategic Management.

M. Phil.  The Graduate Center, City University of New York,  1980.

M.B.A.  Syracuse University, 1972.  Major:  Organization and Management.

B.S.  University of New Hampshire, 1970.  Major:  Hotel Administration.

B.A.  Temple University, 1968.  Major:  Psychology.